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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Vehicle_location_data" title="Vehicle location data">Vehicle location data</a>.</div>

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<p>A <b>vehicle tracking system</b> combines the use of <a href="Automatic_vehicle_location" title="Automatic vehicle location">automatic vehicle location</a> in individual vehicles with <a href="Computer_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer software">software</a> that collects these <a href="Fleet_vehicle" title="Fleet vehicle">fleet</a> data for a comprehensive picture of vehicle locations. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use <a href="Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> or <a href="GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a> technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on <a href="Electronic_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic map">electronic maps</a> via the Internet or <a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">specialized software</a>. Urban public transit authorities are an increasingly common user of vehicle <a href="Tracking_system" title="Tracking system">tracking systems</a>, particularly in large cities.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Active_versus_passive_tracking">Active versus passive tracking</h2></div>

<p>Several types of vehicle tracking devices exist. Typically they are classified as "passive" and "active". "Passive" devices store GPS location, speed, heading and sometimes a trigger event such as key on/off, door open/closed. Once the vehicle returns to a predetermined point, the device is removed and the data downloaded to a computer for evaluation. Passive systems include auto download type that transfer data via wireless download. "Active" devices also collect the same information but usually transmit the data in near-real-time via <a href="Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular</a> or <a href="Satellite_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite network">satellite networks</a> to a computer or data center for evaluation.

</p><p>Many modern vehicle tracking devices combine both active and passive tracking abilities: when a cellular network is available and a tracking device is connected it transmits data to a server; when a network is not available the device stores data in internal memory and will transmit stored data to the server later when the network becomes available again.

</p><p>Historically, vehicle tracking has been accomplished by installing a box into the vehicle, either self-powered with a battery or wired into the vehicle's power system. For detailed vehicle locating and tracking this is still the predominant method; however, many companies are increasingly interested in the emerging <a href="Cell_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">cell phone</a> technologies that provide tracking of multiple entities, such as both a salesperson and their vehicle. These systems also offer tracking of calls, texts, web use and generally provide a wider range of options.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typical_architecture">Typical architecture</h2></div>

<p>Major constituents of the GPS-based tracking are:

</p>

<ol><li><a href="GPS_tracking_unit" title="GPS tracking unit">GPS tracking unit</a>: The device fits into the vehicle and captures the GPS location information apart from other vehicle information at regular intervals to a central server. Other vehicle information can include fuel amount, engine temperature, altitude, <a href="Reverse_geocoding" title="Reverse geocoding">reverse geocoding</a>, door open/close, tire pressure, cut off fuel, turn off ignition, turn on headlight, turn on taillight, battery status, <a href="GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> area code/cell code decoded, number of GPS satellites in view, glass open/close, fuel amount, emergency button status, cumulative idling, computed <a href="Odometer" title="Odometer">odometer</a>, engine RPM, <a href="Throttle" title="Throttle">throttle</a> position, GPRS status and a lot more. Capability of these devices actually decide the final capability of the whole tracking system; most vehicle tracking systems, in addition to providing the vehicle's location data, feature a wide range of communication ports that can be used to integrate other onboard systems, allowing to check their status and control or automate their operation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="GPS_tracking_server" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS tracking server">GPS tracking server</a>: The tracking server has three responsibilities: receiving data from the <a href="GPS_tracking_unit" title="GPS tracking unit">GPS tracking unit</a>, securely storing it, and serving this information on demand to the user.</li>

<li><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a>: The UI determines how one will be able to access information, view vehicle data, and elicit important details from it.</li></ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_uses">Common uses</h2></div>

<p>Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet operators for <a href="Fleet_management" title="Fleet management">fleet management</a> functions such as <a href="Fleet_tracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet tracking">fleet tracking</a>, routing, dispatching, driving behavior, on-board information and security.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some vehicle tracking systems are bundled with or interface with <a href="Fleet_management_software" title="Fleet management software">fleet management software</a>. Along with commercial fleet operators, urban <a href="Public_transport" title="Public transport">transit</a> agencies use the technology for a number of purposes, including monitoring <a href="On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">schedule adherence</a> of buses in service, triggering automatic changes of buses' <a href="Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">destination sign</a> displays once the vehicle approaches the <a href="Bus_terminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus terminus">bus terminus</a> (or other set location along a bus route such as a particular bus stop along the route), and triggering pre-recorded (or even <a href="Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">synthetic speech</a>) bus stop, route (and its destination) or service announcements for passengers.

</p><p>The <a href="American_Public_Transportation_Association" title="American Public Transportation Association">American Public Transportation Association</a> estimated that, at the beginning of 2009, around half of all transit buses in the United States were already using a GPS-based vehicle tracking system to trigger automated stop announcements.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can refer to external announcements (triggered by the opening of the bus's door) at a bus stop, announcing the vehicle's route number and destination, primarily for the benefit of <a href="Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">visually impaired</a> customers, or to internal announcements (to passengers already on board) identifying the next stop, as the bus (or <a href="Tram" title="Tram">tram</a>) approaches a stop, or both; the latter are often also displayed on an internal <a href="LED_display" title="LED display">LED display</a> or <a href="LCD_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD monitor">LCD monitor</a> connected to the system while the loudspeakers play them. Data collected as a transit vehicle follows its route is often continuously fed into a computer program which compares the vehicle's actual location and time with its schedule, and in turn produces a frequently updating display for the driver, telling him/her how early or late he/she is at any given time, potentially making it easier to adhere more closely to the published schedule.

</p><p>Such programs are also used to provide customers with <a href="Real-time_data" title="Real-time data">real-time information</a> as to the waiting time until arrival of the next bus or tram/streetcar at a given stop, based on the nearest vehicles' actual progress at the time, rather than merely giving information as to the <i>scheduled</i> time of the next arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-SFMTA2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFMTA2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transit systems providing this kind of information assign a unique number to each stop, and waiting passengers can obtain information by entering the stop number into an automated telephone system or an application on the transit system's website.<sup id="cite_ref-SFMTA2005_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFMTA2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bus_tracking_apps_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bus_tracking_apps-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some transit agencies provide a virtual map on their website, with icons depicting the current locations of buses in service on each route, for customers' information,<sup id="cite_ref-Duluth_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duluth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others provide such information only to dispatchers or other employees.

</p><p>Other applications include monitoring driving behavior, such as an employer of an employee, or a parent with a teen driver.

</p><p>Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a <a href="Theft_prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Theft prevention">theft prevention</a>, monitoring and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle. When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a traditional <a href="Car_alarm" title="Car alarm">car alarm</a>. Some vehicle tracking systems make it possible to control the vehicle remotely, including block doors or engine in case of emergency. The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost, because the loss-risk of the vehicle drops significantly.

</p><p>Vehicle tracking systems are an integrated part of the "layered approach" to vehicle protection, recommended by the <a href="National_Insurance_Crime_Bureau" title="National Insurance Crime Bureau">National Insurance Crime Bureau</a> (NICB) to prevent <a href="Motor_vehicle_theft" title="Motor vehicle theft">motor vehicle theft</a>. This approach recommends four layers of security based on the risk factors pertaining to a specific vehicle. Vehicle Tracking Systems are one such layer and are described by the NICB as "very effective" in helping police recover stolen vehicles.

</p><p>Some vehicle tracking systems integrate several security systems, for example by sending an automatic alert to a phone or email if an alarm is triggered or the vehicle is moved without authorization, or when it leaves or enters a <a href="Geofence" title="Geofence">geofence</a>.

</p><p>Other scenarios in which this technology is employed include:

</p>

<ul><li>Stolen vehicle recovery: Both consumer and commercial vehicles can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking and recovery. In the case of <a href="LoJack" title="LoJack">LoJack</a>, the police can activate the truck or car tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals.</li>

<li><a href="Asset_tracking" title="Asset tracking">Asset tracking</a>: Companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating status.</li>

<li>Field service management: Companies with a field service workforce for services such as repair or maintenance, must be able to plan field workers’ time, schedule subsequent customer visits and be able to operate these departments efficiently. Vehicle tracking allows companies to quickly locate a field engineer and dispatch the closest one to meet a new customer request or provide site arrival information.</li>

<li>Field sales: Mobile sales professionals can access real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar areas, they can locate themselves as well as customers and prospects, get driving directions and add nearby last-minute appointments to itineraries. Benefits include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with customers and prospects.</li>

<li>Trailer tracking: Haulage and Logistics companies often operate lorries with detachable load carrying units. The part of the vehicle that drives the load is known as the cab and the load carrying unit is known as the trailer. There are different types of trailer used for different applications, e.g., flat bed, refrigerated, curtain sider, box container.</li>

<li><a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a>: A tracker may be placed on a vehicle to follow the vehicle's movements.<sup id="cite_ref-warrantless-gps_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warrantless-gps-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Transit tracking: temporary tracking of assets or cargoes from one point to another. Users will ensure that the assets do not stop on route or do a U-Turn in order to ensure the security of the assets.</li>

<li>Fuel Monitoring: monitor the fuel through tracking device (with help of fuel sensor connected to the device).</li>

<li>Distance Calculation: calculate the distance travelled by the fleet.</li>

<li>OBD II – Plug and play interface which provides most engine diagnostics information.</li></ul>

<p>Vehicle tracking systems are widely used worldwide. Components come in various shapes and forms but most use <a href="Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS technology</a> and <a href="GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> services. Newer Vehicle tracking systems also use the latest <a href="Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a> technology that can provide low power consumption and optimized data transmission rates. Additionally, these systems may also feature short range data communication systems such as <a href="WiFi" class="mw-redirect" title="WiFi">WiFi</a>. While most will offer real-time tracking, others record real time data and store it to be read, in a fashion similar to data loggers. Systems like these track and record and allow reports after certain points have been solved

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicle_OBD_tracking_systems">Vehicle OBD tracking systems</h2></div>

<p>Vehicle OBD tracking systems make use of OBD GPS trackers that plug into the <a href="On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">onboard diagnostic (OBD)</a> port of light, medium, or heavy-duty vehicle. A cellular OBD GPS tracker directly communicates with the cell tower for sending the location and other vehicle performance data to the server over the cellular wireless network. Usually, the tracker device draws power from the OBD port itself and contains a built-in antenna along with a GPS module for receiving the GPS signal. In addition, OBD trackers communicate with the different vehicle subsystems for receiving vehicle diagnostic and fuel consumption related data. Users can view the information using standalone software or web browser from a desktop/laptop computer or using smartphone apps.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fleet_management_tracking">Fleet management tracking</h2></div>

<p>Aside from <a href="Anti-theft_system" title="Anti-theft system">theft-prevention</a>, the most common use of vehicle tracking is in logistics and transport. These systems make use of GPS(Global Positioning System) and GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) technology to provide precise and constant location telematics to an individual fleet manager. These systems are typically equipped with features to monitor statistics such as; fuel consumption, average speed, current driver time and location. There has been a recent increase in demand for this technology as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drivers-hours/eu-rules">EU regulations</a> place increased restrictions on the hours driver are allowed to work in a given day. It is currently limited to 9 hours per day.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies are legally obligated to install a tachograph in any vehicle that is expected to carry goods. This obligation has led many to attempt to cauterize this potentially onerous obligation, instead turning it into a benefit. Fleet management systems use GPS & GSM technology. Much like other forms of trackers, although due to their nature they are equipped with more thorough diagnostic features.

</p><p>Other uses such as <i>Trailer Tracking, Fuel Monitoring, Distance Calculation, Asset Tracking,</i> and <i>Field Sales</i> can all be incorporated into a fleet management solution.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unconventional_uses">Unconventional uses</h2></div>

<p>Industries not traditionally known to use vehicle tracking systems (logistics and transportation industries are the ones that have traditionally incorporated vehicle tracking system into their operations) have started to use it in creative ways to improve their processes or businesses.

</p><p>The hospitality industry has caught on to this technology to improve customer service. For example, a luxury hotel in Singapore has installed vehicle tracking systems in their limousines to ensure they can welcome their VIPs when they reach the hotel.

</p><p>Vehicle tracking systems used in food delivery vans may alert if the temperature of the refrigerated compartment moves outside of the range of safe food storage temperatures.

Car rental companies are also using it to monitor their rental fleets.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-hijack_system" title="Anti-hijack system">Anti-hijack system</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_number_plate_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic number plate recognition">Automatic number plate recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_vehicle_location" title="Automatic vehicle location">Automatic vehicle location</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_locating_system" title="Real-time locating system">Real-time locating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Fleet_management" title="Fleet management">Fleet management</a></li>

<li><a href="Fleet_telematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet telematics">Fleet telematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Fleet_tracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet tracking">Fleet tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="GPS_tracking_server" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS tracking server">GPS tracking server</a></li>

<li><a href="GPS_tracking_unit" title="GPS tracking unit">GPS tracking unit</a></li>

<li><a href="GPS_wildlife_tracking" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS wildlife tracking">GPS wildlife tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_transportation_system" title="Intelligent transportation system">Intelligent transportation system</a></li>

<li><a href="InVANET" class="mw-redirect" title="InVANET">InVANET</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Mobile phone tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_law" title="Privacy law">Privacy law</a>, <a href="Informational_self-determination" title="Informational self-determination">informational self-determination</a>, <a href="Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>, <a href="Data_security" title="Data security">data security</a></li>

<li><a href="Telematics" title="Telematics">Telematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li>

<li><a href="Tracking_system" title="Tracking system">Tracking system</a></li>

<li><a href="Trailer_tracking" title="Trailer tracking">Trailer tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Vehicle_infrastructure_integration" title="Vehicle infrastructure integration">Vehicle infrastructure integration</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120113642/http://apta.com/gap/fedreg/documents/apta_comments_access_board_bus_2009.pdf">"Re: Comments to Access Board Docket Number 2007-1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of Technical Information Services, <a href="American_Public_Transportation_Association" title="American Public Transportation Association">APTA</a>. January 20, 2009. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apta.com/gap/fedreg/documents/apta_comments_access_board_bus_2009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-SFMTA2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFMTA2005_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFMTA2005_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216013201/http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/press_releases/2005/rel316.htm">"Real-Time Muni Arrival Information Just a Free Call Away"</a>. <a href="San_Francisco_Municipal_Transportation_Agency" title="San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency">San Francisco MTA</a>. July 13, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtc.ca.gov/news/press_releases/2005/rel316.htm">the original</a> on 2009-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bus_tracking_apps-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bus_tracking_apps_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro-magazine.com/Article/Story/2009/04/Cell-phone-bus-tracking-applications-developed.aspx">"Cell phone bus tracking applications developed"</a>. <i><a href="Metro_Magazine" title="Metro Magazine">Metro Magazine</a></i>. April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Duluth-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duluth_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091214234933/http://www.duluthtransit.com/RiderGuide/WebWatchTips.aspx">"WebWatch allows you to obtain 'real-time' schedule information for your bus stop and (to) track buses in real time"</a>. <a href="Duluth_Transit_Authority" title="Duluth Transit Authority">Duluth Transit Authority</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duluthtransit.com/RiderGuide/WebWatchTips.aspx">the original</a> on 2009-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-warrantless-gps-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-warrantless-gps_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClaburn2009" class="citation news cs1">Claburn, Thomas (March 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103082223/http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/federal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215800542">"Court Asked To Disallow Warrantless GPS Tracking"</a>. <i>Information Week</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/federal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215800542">the original</a> on January 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/drivers-hours/eu-rules">"Drivers' hours: EU rules – GOV.UK"</a>. <i>www.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278363">"How does a GPS tracking system work? | EE Times"</a>. <i>EETimes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Public_transport503" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided bus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Trackless Tram</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Intercity bus</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Rail_replacement_bus_service" title="Rail replacement bus service">Rail replacement bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi/Taxibus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li>

<li><a href="Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Passenger_rail_terminology" title="Passenger rail terminology">Passenger rail terminology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">glossary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li>

<li><a href="Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">Elevated railway</a></li>

<li><a href="Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li>

<li><a href="Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railway</a>

<ul><li><a href="Heritage_streetcar" title="Heritage streetcar">Heritage streetcar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Higher-speed_rail" title="Higher-speed rail">Higher-speed rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li>

<li><a href="Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li>

<li><a href="Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow-gauge railway</a></li>

<li><a href="People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li>

<li><a href="Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro/Rapid Transit</a>

<ul><li><a href="Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">Medium-capacity rail system</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running</a></li>

<li><a href="Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension railway</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car</a></li>

<li><a href="Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles<br> for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Demand-responsive_transport" title="Demand-responsive transport">Demand-responsive transport</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microtransit" title="Microtransit">Microtransit</a></li>

<li><a href="Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolmu%C5%9F" title="Dolmuş">Dolmuş</a></li>

<li><a href="Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li>

<li><a href="Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanny_van" title="Nanny van">Nanny van</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Songthaew" title="Songthaew">Songthaew</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Real-time ridesharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li>

<li><a href="Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li>

<li><a href="Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">Vaporetto</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a></li>

<li><a href="Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">Cable railway</a></li>

<li><a href="Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li>

<li><a href="Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li>

<li><a href="Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bicable_gondola_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicable gondola lift">bicable</a></li>

<li><a href="Tricable_gondola_lift" title="Tricable gondola lift">tricable</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br>transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a></li>

<li><a href="Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></li>

<li><a href="Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li>

<li><a href="Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li>

<li><a href="Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li>

<li><a href="Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li>

<li><a href="Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">Moving walkway</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Robotaxi" title="Robotaxi">Robotaxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shweeb" title="Shweeb">Shweeb</a></li>

<li><a href="Slope_car" title="Slope car">Slope car</a></li>

<li><a href="Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li>

<li><a href="Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">Bus garage</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_stand" title="Bus stand">Bus stand</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_turnout" title="Bus turnout">Bus turnout (bus bay)</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">Ferry terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Hangar" title="Hangar">Hangar</a></li>

<li><a href="Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbor</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li>

<li><a href="Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li>

<li><a href="Layover" title="Layover">Layover</a></li>

<li><a href="Metro_station" title="Metro station">Metro station</a></li>

<li><a href="Queue_jump" title="Queue jump">Queue jump</a></li>

<li><a href="Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxicab stand</a></li>

<li><a href="Train_station" title="Train station">Train station</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_mall" title="Transit mall">Transit mall</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">Ticketing</a><br>and <a href="Fare" title="Fare">fares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automated_fare_collection" title="Automated fare collection">Automated fare collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li>

<li><a href="Fare_avoidance" title="Fare avoidance">Fare avoidance</a></li>

<li><a href="Fare_capping" title="Fare capping">Fare capping</a></li>

<li><a href="Fare_evasion" title="Fare evasion">Fare evasion</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">Free travel pass</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">Integrated ticketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Manual_fare_collection" title="Manual fare collection">Manual fare collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Money_train" title="Money train">Money train</a></li>

<li><a href="Penalty_fare" title="Penalty fare">Penalty fare</a></li>

<li><a href="Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li>

<li><a href="Reduced_fare_program" title="Reduced fare program">Reduced fare program</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfer_(public_transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer (public transit)">Transfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Routing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-city_route" title="Cross-city route">Cross-city route</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_length_(transport)" title="Network length (transport)">Network length</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-revenue_track" title="Non-revenue track">Non-revenue track</a></li>

<li><a href="Radial_route" title="Radial route">Radial route</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_network_analysis" title="Transport network analysis">Transport network</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_first_class_commuter_transport_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first class commuter transport services">First class</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper</a></li>

<li><a href="Standing_passenger" title="Standing passenger">Standing passenger</a></li>

<li><a href="Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheduling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_bunching" title="Bus bunching">Bus bunching</a></li>

<li><a href="Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">Clock-face scheduling</a></li>

<li><a href="Headway" title="Headway">Headway</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_service_(public_transport)" title="Night service (public transport)">Night (owl) service</a></li>

<li><a href="On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">On-time performance</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li>

<li><a href="Short_turn" title="Short turn">Short turn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li>

<li><a href="Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">Farebox recovery ratio</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">Transportation authority</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_demand_management" title="Transportation demand management">Transportation demand management</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development (TOD)</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology<br> and signage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">Destination sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_display" title="Platform display">Platform display</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_public_transport_smart_cards" title="List of public transport smart cards">Smart cards</a>

<ul><li><a href="CIPURSE" title="CIPURSE">CIPURSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Calypso_(electronic_ticketing_system)" title="Calypso (electronic ticketing system)">Calypso</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ticket_machine" title="Ticket machine">Ticket machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_map" title="Transit map">Transit map</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Finnish_models_of_public_transport" title="Finnish models of public transport">Finnish models</a></li>

<li><a href="Karlsruhe_model" title="Karlsruhe model">Karlsruhe model</a></li>

<li><a href="Zurich_model" title="Zurich model">Zurich model</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_rapid_transit_creep" title="Bus rapid transit creep">Bus rapid transit creep</a></li>

<li><a href="Crush_load" title="Crush load">Crush load</a></li>

<li><a href="Dwell_time_(transportation)" title="Dwell time (transportation)">Dwell time</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_transport" title="Land transport">Land transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_transport" title="Outline of transport">Outline of transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_load_factor" title="Passenger load factor">Passenger load factor</a></li>

<li><a href="Planka.nu" title="Planka.nu">Planka.nu</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_good_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public good (economics)">Public good</a></li>

<li><a href="Request_stop" title="Request stop">Request stop</a></li>

<li><a href="Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Timing_point" title="Timing point">Timing point</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_economics" title="Transport economics">Transport economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Micromobility" title="Micromobility">Micromobility</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATransport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-09" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Vehicle_tracking_system&oldid=1299554629">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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